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Constipation is a common problem, but some people notice that it appears around the same time as their migraine attacks. Because migraine can affect the whole body, not just the head, digestive symptoms like constipation may be part of the migraine cycle for some individuals.
“I have been having significant gastrointestinal issues, including severe constipation, for approximately two years,” a MyMigraineTeam member expressed. “No success. Gut agony or head agony?”
Another added, “The most horrible migraine attack. I’m very constipated.”
Understanding why constipation happens and how it connects to migraine may help you recognize patterns and talk with your clinician about managing these symptoms.
Constipation happens when bowel movements become difficult or less frequent than usual. Doctors often define constipation as having fewer than three bowel movements a week or having hard, dry stools that are painful or difficult to pass.
People with constipation may also feel bloated, uncomfortable, or like they can’t completely empty their bowels.
Many factors can cause constipation, including:
Constipation is very common. You’ll likely experience it at some point in your life, and it can range from mild to severe depending on the underlying cause.
Migraine is a neurological condition (disease of the nervous system). It can cause repeated attacks, during which people may experience common symptoms such as:
Migraine symptoms happen because of changes in the brain and nerves that control pain and sensory signals.
Migraine involves more than headache. It affects many other systems in the body, including the digestive system. Research shows that the brain and gut actually communicate closely with each other through what researchers call the gut-brain axis. This is a network of nerves, chemicals, and hormones that link the two systems.
Because of this connection, changes in the brain during a migraine attack may also cause changes in your digestion.
The gut and brain constantly send signals back and forth. This communication influences digestion, bowel movement speed, and how the gut responds to stress.
When a migraine attack begins, the nervous system becomes activated in unusual ways. These neurological changes can affect digestion and the gut microbiome (the bacteria in your gut).
Some people have gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms with migraine, including:
Migraine can also slow the stomach in some people (called delayed gastric emptying), which can make nausea and vomiting worse.
Keep in mind that not everyone experiences digestive symptoms during migraine attacks. But it can be part of the broader migraine symptom spectrum for some people.
Several processes related to migraine may increase the risk of constipation. Below are some of the most common ones.
During a migraine attack, the nervous system can cause changes throughout the whole body, including the gut. While this most commonly causes vomiting and nausea in those with migraine, it can also lead to constipation.
One study found that GI symptoms, including constipation, are common in people with migraine because of the gut-brain connection and changes in gut motility. Gut motility refers to how quickly or slowly food moves through the digestive tract.
When the nervous system slows digestion, stool moves more slowly through the intestines. As stool sits longer in the colon, the body pulls more water out of it, making it hard, dry, and more difficult to pass. This can lead to constipation.
People having a migraine attack may sometimes feel too sick to drink water, leading to dehydration. Recurrent vomiting during an attack can also worsen dehydration.
When the body lacks enough water, the colon absorbs extra fluid from stool, which makes it harder and more difficult to pass. This can lead to or worsen constipation. Dehydration is also a common trigger for migraine attacks.
Loss of appetite is a well-known symptom of migraine attacks. Eating fewer meals or skipping them completely can actually reduce the natural movement of the gut.
When eating patterns change, constipation can occur. Eating on a regular schedule can help keep digestion predictable.
Migraine attacks often force people to lie down, cancel activities, or sleep more. A sudden drop in daily movement can slow digestion. When you move around, it encourages muscles responsible for pushing stool along to do their thing.
Certain medicines used for the treatment of migraine have constipation as a side effect. These may include:
“I took Aimovig for three months, and at first I thought it was a miracle cure. My migraine reduced dramatically!” shared one MyMigraineTeam member. “Then I became so constipated I had to go to the ER. I tried every laxative known to man, fiber, and prunes to no avail. This was absolutely horrible!”
If constipation suddenly appears or worsens after starting a new medication, it may be worth talking with a doctor.
Researchers are still trying to understand exactly how migraine and digestive symptoms are linked. But many studies suggest that the same neurological changes that trigger migraine attacks may influence the gut.
While not everyone will experience these symptoms, they may be more common than people realize. This could mean that constipation may not simply be a coincidence. For some, it could be part of the overall migraine experience.
If you notice constipation before, during, or after migraine attacks, there are a few steps you can take at home to help relieve symptoms.
Staying hydrated helps keep stool soft and easier to pass. Try to steer clear of alcoholic beverages as they can be dehydrating and upset your GI tract.
Foods with fiber, like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and beans, can help keep bowel movements regular. Fiber can make stool bulkier and hold more fluid, making it a better weight and shape to pass through the body.
If you’re unable to eat during a migraine attack, you can try to add fiber gradually when you feel better. Avoid certain foods, such as cheese and chocolate, which can worsen migraine or even act as triggers themselves.
Gentle movement like a short walk helps stimulate digestion. During severe attacks, exercise may not be possible, but regular activity on symptom‑free days can help support regular bowel habits.
If a new migraine medication is making constipation worse, ask your healthcare provider about alternatives. Remember, you should never stop taking any prescribed treatment without medical guidance first.
Some people find relief from stool softeners or gentle laxatives, but it’s important to use them safely. A doctor or pharmacist can help you choose the right product and dose.
Keeping track of constipation and other digestive symptoms can help you spot any patterns connected to migraine attacks. You may want to keep a record of:
If the timing of your constipation symptoms and migraine attacks, it may be helpful information to share with your healthcare provider. Digestive symptoms can also change over time, so tracking them can give a clearer picture of what’s normal for you.
Constipation is usually not dangerous, but you should talk to a healthcare professional if you’re experiencing:
Constipation can be a sign of another condition or may mean your treatment plan needs adjustment. Your doctor may refer you to a gastroenterology expert who will review your medical history and lifestyle. They can also run tests or suggest safer medication options if needed.
On MyMigraineTeam, people share their experiences with migraine, get advice, and find support from others who understand.
Have you noticed constipation or other digestive changes before, during, or after a migraine attack? Let others know in the comments below.
Are your headaches a symptom of migraine? Get a quick assessment.
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